Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences

Study thermal performance of air Jet Impingement on a Flat Plate

Dhafar Fadhil Ali, sajida lafta ghashim — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

An experimental investigation of thermal performance from a single rectangular slot jet impinging on a copper foam flat plate was carried out. The copper foam of 10 mm thick and 90% porosity is used. The effects of slot-to-plate distance for range from 2 to 8 and Reynolds number for range from 5200 to 14000 are studied. The effects of an increase in the density of pore on the local and average Nusselt number of copper foam flat plate of the density of pore of 10 PPI and 40 PPI is identified. Results showed the most enhancement of local Nusselt number was appeared at copper foam flat plate compared to smooth flat plate. In comparison to the copper foam flat plate with the density of pore of 40 PPI, the copper foam flat plate with the density of pore of 10 PPI exhibits a greater augmentation of the local and average Nusselt number. The effect of slot-to-plate distance on local and average Nusselt number are determined. For the smooth flat plate, the local Nusselt number is increase when slot-to-plate distance is increment. For the copper foam flat plate, it is discovered that flow deflection is more substantial for foams with little slot-to-plate distance and low the density of pore. Therefore, the flow can equally permeate the heat sink when the slot-to-plate distance is increased. Additionally, it is discovered that augmentation in Reynolds number allows the flow to penetrate the porous media more evenly.

R Review on Conjugate Heat Transfer in Enclosures

Asmaa Ali Hussein — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Conjugate convection (fluid) and conduction (solids) heat transfer in enclosures has received broad interest because of its wide importance in many mechanical applications, such as melting and solidification in thermal storage system, the fusion reactors, heat protection of thermal transport systems, solar collectors, the geothermal energy extractions, etc. Other situations including the conjugate heat transfer are heat sinks. The conduction heat transfer is observed in the heat sink while the natural convection is presented in the fluid medium. The subject of conjugate convection and conduction heat transfer in enclosures were studied by many authors. This paper presents a literature review of this problem for various geometrical enclosures, heat transfer modes, working fluids, enhancement techniques of heat transfer, and thermal boundary conditions. Very important conclusions were submitted in these literatures. Some of these conclusions are general for all literatures which addressed this topic. Generally, it was concluded that the streamlines, isotherms and heat transfer rate depended on both the thermal conductivity of the conductive wall, the thermal conductivity of fluid, and the thickness of the conjugate wall. For enclosure contain fixed or rotation inner cylinder, improvement of heat transfer coefficient is greatly affected by radius ratio between enclosure and cylinder, position of cylinder, and the rotational value and direction.

Production of Three Dimension Model by Using Agisoft and Matlab Program

Yousif Hussein Khalaf, Nagham Amer Abdulateef — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract- Close range photogrammetry is one of the most important subjects in geomatics engineering, therefore a study has been prepared in this subject. As 3D modelling from digital photographs has advanced, many programmers have emerged to analyze digital images for technical applications that require high resolution. for this purpose, this study depends on two methods to calculate the 3D coordinates, by using a number of prepared Matlab program. The second method depends on Agisoft to produce 3D modelling and calculate 3D coordinates. This study discusses the positional accuracy obtained from the Matlab and chose the optimal method from the methods that is in this project. The study area was chosen as "Al-Mustafa Mosque", a digital photo was taken for the model using Nikon d750 camera. The total station instrument was used to measure the position of the exposure stations and ground control points. After calculating the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for the two methods, it is concluded that the second method gives a higher accuracy (±0.08817) than the first method which is represented by the use of direct linear transformation (±0.46423), which is the accuracy of the coordinates of the points fixed on the model.

Design and implementation of a control system based on the Internet of Things and fuzzy logic to control the operation of an irrigation pump.

Zain AlDein Mahmoud Ahmad — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Traditional irrigation methods often consume large amounts of water, leading to wastage of water and energy and decreased yields of agricultural crops. A search was made for a suitable technology to be used in the agricultural field for irrigation purposes and to solve this problem. Therefore, fuzzy logic was chosen for control purposes and LoRaWAN technology to secure long-distance wireless communication. Internet of Things technology has been added in order to monitor the system’s operation from anywhere and facilitate the consumer’s access to the information he wants. A controller based on fuzzy logic was designed and implemented to control the operation of the pump that irrigate the crops, where soil parameters are read through sensors. The fuzzy controller was designed using MATLAB.
The system was fed with electrical energy through the solar panel and the charging circuit. The experiment was carried out and readings and curves were taken. The results indicated that water savings reached 15% compared to the case of traditional irrigation. This is due to the use of artificial intelligence in controlling the operation of the pump designated for irrigation. We believe that using Internet of Things technology saves labor costs by 50%.

The Investigation of the Energy Balance and Comfort of a University Teaching Space in Baghdad - Iraq

ahmed Al-kadhim — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study investigates the energy balance and thermal comfort conditions of a university teaching space in Baghdad, Iraq, with the objective of evaluating design strategies aimed at enhancing indoor environmental quality while minimizing energy consumption. Utilizing a steady-state heat balance methodology, the research analyzes a representative 60m² classroom constructed in accordance with prevailing Iraqi architectural practices, characterized by limited passive cooling measures and a predominant reliance on active air-conditioning systems. Climate data obtained from Meteonorm 7, corroborated by local meteorological records, provide insights into the extreme environmental conditions of Baghdad, which are marked by intense solar radiation and elevated ambient temperatures. The analysis focuses on key determinants of thermal performance, including ventilation and infiltration rates, solar heat gains through fenestration, and the relatively minor influence of building envelope thermal properties. Findings indicate that high occupant density and uncontrolled ventilation substantially contribute to net heat gains, exacerbating cooling loads during summer months while facilitating beneficial heat dissipation in winter. The study underscores the necessity of integrating passive design interventions, such as adjustable external shading, optimized window-to-wall ratios, and advanced glazing technologies, to effectively regulate solar gains and enhance thermal performance. By offering a comprehensive evaluation of adaptive design strategies, this research contributes to the advancement of sustainable architectural practices in hot-arid climates, providing valuable insights into the optimization of energy efficiency and occupant comfort in educational environments.

Innovation Cultural: Examining the Role of Cultural Context on Architectural Innovation in Iraq 1940-1960

hisham alaa husain — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

innovation is a multifaceted phenomenon characterized by its material, pragmatic, and expressive dimensions. Recent studies suggest that innovation is an individual trait resulting from personal intention, and that understanding this cultural context is primarily what endows the innovative product with a distinct relative connection to its social, technological, and cultural environment. The principal issue lies in the complexity of identifying what constitutes an innovative architectural product due to the intricate nature of architecture and its cultural context. This research aims to discuss the concept of "innovation culture," through which architects, regardless of their preferences, can achieve innovative and cohesive outcomes relevant to their contexts. For practical analysis, the study will examine contemporary residential design practices in Baghdad from 1940 to 1960, a significant period in the study of modern Iraqi architecture.